Master the EMT-Basic Certification Exam by Peterson's

Author:Peterson's
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Peterson's, a Nelnet Company
Published: 2010-12-02T05:25:32.991000+00:00

1. The correct answer is (A). Arterial bleeding is characterized by a rapid, spurting, pulsatile flow of oxygenated blood. Arterial bleeding should be considered serious, as patients can lose a large volume of blood from an arterial bleed in a short period of time. The EMT-Basic should apply direct pressure to stop arterial bleeding initially.

2. The correct answer is (B). Venous bleeding is characterized by a steady flow of dark, deoxygenated blood. This type of bleeding is common in most soft-tissue injuries. Although not as serious and life-threatening as arterial bleeding, venous bleeding should be controlled immediately to prevent large amounts of blood loss.

3. The correct answer is (C). Capillary bleeding is a slow and oozing type of bleeding. Since blood flow in the capillaries is under low pressure, and the capillaries are very small, capillary bleeding does not pose a life threat. Applying direct pressure to the injury site easily controls capillary bleeding.

4. The correct answer is (B). Decreased pulse is not a sign of shock. Initial response to hypoperfusion (shock) is that the body will increase pulse rate. As bleeding continues and shock progresses, the patient will develop an altered mental status and his skin color will take on a pallor (paleness). The skin will also become cold and clammy. Decreased blood pressure is a late sign of shock. The EMT-Basic must be aware of the signs of shock. Bleeding control is the definitive treatment of patients with shock.

5. The correct answer is (D). Bleeding control is accomplished by first applying direct pressure. If that is unsuccessful, elevate the injured area. If bleeding control is still unsuccessful, a pressure point would be used to slow bleeding to the area. Although a tourniquet may be considered as a last resort, wire should never be used as a tourniquet, as tightening it would cause additional injury to the patient.

6. The correct answer is (B). This patient is showing classic signs of severe internal bleeding. After a major traumatic event, abdominal bruising, especially over the site of a major organ, is a definite sign of internal bleeding. A distended abdomen is another sign of internal injuries. Management of this type of injury includes rapid transport to a hospital for definitive care.

7. The correct answer is (A). Critical trauma patients should be rapidly transported to a trauma center for surgical intervention. It is commonly known that the patient must be delivered to a surgical facility within the first hour of his or her injury. This term, known as the golden hour, is an EMS golden rule. The EMT-Basic should rapidly transport all critical trauma patients at the earliest possible opportunity.

8. The correct answer is (B). Maintenance of the airway is the highest priority in any aspect of patient care. The EMT-Basic should always make airway management and patient oxygenation the highest priority in trauma care. Following the basics— airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC)—will always be helpful to the trauma patient.

9. The correct answer is (A). The skin consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.

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